Aneurisma de la arteria braquial asociado a fístula arteriovenosa en paciente trasplantado renal. Reporte de un caso / Brachial artery aneurysm associated with arteriovenous fistula in a kidney transplant patient. case report

Los aneurismas de la arteria braquial (AAB) en el contexto de las fistulas arteriovenosas (FAV) en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) son una entidad infrecuente. Al presentarse, ameritan su resección y colocación de injerto autólogo o heterólogo. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 57 años de edad con antecedente de enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis mediante fístula arteriovenosa (FAV) braquial izquierda, con aparición de masa pulsátil proximal a la FAV de 7 x 5 cm de nueve meses evolución. Se diagnosticó AAB mediante ultasonido doppler arterial. Se practicó resección del aneurisma y anastomosis con injerto de politetrafluoroetileno (PTFE) con evolución satisfactoria. Los AAB en pacientes con ERC son infrecuentes y deben sospecharse cuando aparece una masa pulsátil adyacente a una FAV. Su tratamiento está indicado en lesiones > 3 cm o en pacientes con sintomas compresivos(AU)

Brachial artery aneurysms (BAA) in patients with renal chronic disease (RCD) and arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) are an infrequent entity. When they are presented, they merit resection and placement of autologous or heterologous graft. We present the case of a 57-year-old patient with history of chronic renal disease treated with hemodialysis by left brachial arteriovenous fistula (AVF), presenting pulsatile mass proximal to AVF which measures 7 x 5 cm, with evolution of nine months. Diagnosis of BAA was achieved by arterial doppler ultrasound. Aneurism removal and anastomosis with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft was carried out. Patient evolution was uneventful. BAA in patients with RCD are infrequent and should be suspected when a pulsatile mass appears proximal to AVF. Surgical removal is indicated in lessons > 3 cm or patients with compressive symptoms(AU)

Femoral pseudoaneurysm as a complication of slipped capital femoral epiphysis treatment / Pseudoaneurisma femoral como complicação do tratamento cirúrgico de epifisiólise proximal do fêmur

ABSTRACT Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is a very frequently seen condition in orthopedics centers worldwide. Even in successfully treated cases, complications related either with the pathology per se or with the chosen synthesis method are not rare. This report presents a case of bilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis treated with pinning, in which one of the limbs developed a very rare condition: the formation of a femoral pseudoaneurysm that ruptured.

RESUMO A epifisiólise proximal da cabeça femoral é uma patologia frequentemente tratada em centros de ortopedia. Mesmo nos casos de tratamento bem-sucedido, complicações relacionadas tanto ao fenômeno em si quanto à síntese escolhida não são raras. Os autores relatam um caso de epifisiólise da cabeça femoral bilateral, submetido a pinagem, que evoluiu com uma complicação raríssima em um dos membros: a formação de um pseudoaneurisma femoral, com posterior rotura.

Aneurisma isolado de artéria femoral superficial roto contido: relato de caso / Isolated ruptured aneurysm of the superficial femoral artery: case report

Aneurismas verdadeiros isolados da artéria femoral superficial (AFS) são eventos raros. Manifestam-se principalmente em homens idosos e frequentemente estão associados a outros aneurismas. Possuem etiologia variada e costumam ser detectados quando apresentam complicações como trombose, embolização distal ou, mais raramente, ruptura. O presente caso refere-se a um paciente cujo aneurisma de AFS se apresentou roto contido e sem associações com outros aneurismas. Foram realizados eco-Doppler colorido arterial, que diagnosticou a ruptura, e angiotomografia, que evidenciou aneurisma sacular de AFS medindo 11,4 × 8,8 cm, com grande trombo mural. Uma arteriografia foi utilizada para programação de revascularização, e detectou-se leito distal via artéria tibial anterior. O paciente foi submetido a revascularização cirúrgica convencional eletiva em artéria femoropoplítea distal com veia safena ipsilateral invertida, com sucesso. Apresentou como complicação pós-operatória infecção de sítio cirúrgico. A pesquisa microbiológica teve resultado negativo, e o estudo anatomopatológico confirmou aneurisma verdadeiro da AFS

Isolated true aneurysms of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) are rare events. They mostly manifest in elderly men and are frequently seen in conjunction with other aneurysms. They have varied etiology and are usually detected when they complicate with thrombosis or distal embolization, or, more rarely, when they rupture. The present case report describes a patient with an aneurysm of the SFA that was ruptured and contained and who had no other aneurysms. Color Doppler ultrasound of the arteries revealed the rupture and angiotomography showed a saccular aneurysm of the SFA measuring 11.4 × 8.8 cm, with a large mural thrombus. Arteriography was used to plan revascularization and showed the distal bed with outflow via the anterior tibial artery. The patient was treated with conventional elective distal femoropopliteal surgical revascularization with the ipsilateral saphenous vein inverted, which was successful. Recovery was complicated by a postoperative surgical site infection. Microbiology tests were negative and the anatomopathological study confirmed a true aneurysm of the SFA

Thrombosed aneurysm of saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafting / Aneurisma trombosado de bypass aortocoronariano de veia safena

Summary We describe the case of a male patient, aged 76 years, referred for cardiac investigation due to retrosternal chest pain and dyspnea. He had a history of acute myocardial infarction and angioplasties in the last 30 years, including a saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafting (SVCABG). Echocardiogram showed hypoechoic oval formation near the right ventricle, suggesting a pericardial cyst. Computed angiotomography revealed a predominantly fusiform and thrombosed aneurysmal dilation of the SVCABG to the right coronary artery. SVCABG aneurysms are very rare and potentially fatal. They usually appear in the late postoperative period, and patients are often asymptomatic. On radiography, it is frequently presented as enlargement of the mediastinum, with echocardiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging being very useful for diagnosis. Coronary angiography is the gold standard to detect these cases. Our report illustrates a rare situation arising late from a relatively common surgery. Due to its severity, proper recognition in the routine assessment of patients with a similar history is essential.

Resumo Descrevemos o caso de paciente do sexo masculino, 76 anos, em avaliação cardiológica em razão de dor torácica retroesternal e dispneia. Antecedente de infartos agudos do miocárdio e angioplastias nos últimos 30 anos, incluindo um bypass aortocoronário de veia safena (BACVS) ou "ponte de safena". Em ecocardiograma, observou-se formação ovalada alongada hipoecoica junto ao ventrículo direito, podendo sugerir um cisto pericárdico. Angiotomografia computadorizada do tórax evidenciou uma dilatação aneurismática predominantemente fusiforme e trombosada de "ponte de safena" para artéria coronária direita. Aneurismas de BACVS são raríssimos e potencialmente fatais. Geralmente, surgem em um período tardio pós-cirúrgico, sendo seus portadores muitas vezes assintomáticos. Na radiografia, frequentemente se apresentam como alargamento do mediastino, sendo a ecocardiografia, a tomografia computadorizada e a ressonância magnética muito úteis no diagnóstico. A angiografia coronariana é o padrão-ouro na detecção. Este relato ilustra uma situação rara decorrente tardiamente de uma cirurgia relativamente comum, e por causa de sua gravidade torna-se essencial o seu reconhecimento na rotina de avaliação de pacientes com antecedentes semelhantes.

Aneurisma de fístula arteriovenosa para hemodiálisis / Hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula aneurysms

Los aneurismas de fístulas arteriovenosas para hemodiálisis constituyen una complicación que aparece en algunos pacientes y que no siempre se toma una conducta con relación a ellos. En este trabajo presentamos un caso de una mujer de 29 años de edad con nueve años en hemodiálisis a través de una fístula arteriovenosa braquiocefálica izquierda que desarrolló aneurisma gigante con peligro de ruptura espontánea, la cual fue sometida a tratamiento quirúrgico. Se describe la técnica y se revisa la literatura al respecto(AU)

Hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula aneurisms represent a complication that we can observe in some patients and not always is taken a procedure in relation to them. Herein, we report the case of 29 year old woman with nine years of hemodialysis treatment through left brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula which developed a giant aneurism with the possibility of spontaneous rupture. The patient was submitted to surgical treatment. The technique was described and the literature was review(AU)

Submacular hemorrhage: A study amongst Indian eyes.

Aim: To evaluate the management outcomes amongst various treatment modalities for submacular hemorrhage (SMH) in Indian subjects. Settings and Design: Retrospective, single-center study. Materials and Methods: Patients presenting with SMH between 1999 and 2006 were included. Treatment modalities included: vitrectomy with subretinal recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) assisted SMH evacuation (group 1, n = 14); pneumatic displacement with intravitreal r-tPA and gas (group 2, n = 25); and pneumatic displacement with intraocular gas (group 3, n = 7). Favorable anatomical outcome was defined as complete displacement of SMH from fovea and favorable functional outcome was defined as a gain of >2 Snellen lines from the baseline. Kruskal–Wallis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Chi-square tests were used to compare the three groups, while Mann–Whitney and independent t-test were used to evaluate the influence of duration and size of SMH on outcomes. Results: There was no difference amongst groups in terms of favorable anatomical (P = 0.121) or functional outcomes (P = 0.611). Eyes with median duration of SMH less than 7.5 days had a significantly higher probability of achieving favorable anatomical outcome compared to eyes with SMH >14.5 days (P = 0.042). However, duration of SMH did not influence functional outcome (P = 0.595). Similarly, size of SMH did not affect anatomical (P = 0.578) or functional (P = 0.381) outcome. Median follow-up was 31.5, 6.5, and 2.5 months in the three groups, respectively. Conclusions: Co- existing posterior segment conditions and duration of SMH may influence the choice of treatment modality and treatment outcomes. Pneumatic displacement with r-tPA and r-tPA assisted vitrectomy appear to be favorable options for the management of SMH.

Doença de Behçet e a visão do otorrinolaringologista / Behçet’s disease as viewed by the otorhinolaryngologist

A doença de Behçet é um distúrbio inflamatório autoimune, que acomete pequenos vasos sanguíneos. O diagnóstico da síndrome é clínico e necessita a presença de úlceras orais recorrentes, úlceras genitais e desordens oculares. No entanto, diversos sistemas podem ser afetados. Na avaliação otorrinolaringológica, as lesões orais são os sintomas mais frequentes da doença. O paciente do caso desenvolveu odinofagia no pósoperatório de cirurgia para correção de aneurisma. Ao exame, foram identificadas úlceras orais e lesão ulcerada na base peniana. Foi aventada hipótese diagnóstica de doença de Behçet e iniciado terapia com corticoide e colchicina. Embora a doença de Behçet não seja frequente na prática diária, os profissionais médicos devem estar atentos a sua apresentação

Behçet’s disease is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder that affects small blood vessels. The diagnosis of the syndrome is clinical and requires the presence of recurrent oral ulcers, genital ulcers, and ocular disorders. However, several systems may be affected. On otorhinolaryngological evaluation oral lesions are the most frequent symptoms of the disease. The patient described here developed postoperative odynophagia after surgery for aneurysm. On examination oral ulcers and ulcerated lesion on the penile base were found. A diagnosis of Behcet’s disease was hypothesized and therapy with corticosteroids and colchicine was initiated. Although Behcet’s disease is rare in everyday practice, medical professionals should be aware of its presentation

Aneurisma de arteria poplítea / Popliteal artery aneurysm

El aneurisma de arteria poplítea es una entidad patológica que afecta a hombres mayores de 65 años con múltiples morbilidades, siendo la hipertensión arterial la más frecuente. Se asocia a aneurisma contralateral y aneurisma en otras áreas, principalmente la arteria femoral y la aorta abdominal. El diagnóstico en la mayoría de los casos se realiza en pacientes sintomáticos, principalmente debido a complicaciones trombo-embólicas. En este grupo la amputación se realiza hasta en el 20 por ciento de los casos y la mortalidad alcanza el 5 por ciento. La cirugía abierta es el procedimiento de elección, la cual se realiza mayoritariamente por un abordaje medial aislando el aneurisma mediante ligaduras y realizando un bypass con vena autóloga. En el tratamiento de urgencia puede asociarse trombolisis intraoperatoria, la cual mejora el resultado de la cirugía. La cirugía endovascular no ha demostrado ser mejor, sin embargo, posee resultados similares en el tratamiento de pacientes asintomáticos. Existe, actualmente, su indicación en la cirugía de urgencia en aquellos casos en los que la cirugía abierta no se puede efectuar.

[Arterial involvement in Behcet's disease: a series of 7 cases]

Arterial involvement is rarely described in Behcet disease BD and it is associated with poor prognosis. We report our experience with a rare and interesting subset of Behcet disease patients with arterial involvement: thrombosis and aneurysm formation types of angio-BD. From 1994 to 2008, seven cases of arterial BD with 3 aneurysm formation and 4 thrombosis were found amongst BD patients in the department of internal medicine of Habib Thameur Hospital. Combination of venous and arterial manifestations occurred in 4 patients. All patients were male and the mean age when arterial involvement manifested was diagnosed was about 39.3. The artery most often affected is the aorta followed by the pulmonary arteries. Brain infraction occurred in about 4 cases. Pericarditis and neurological symptoms were more frequently noted in patients with arterial BD than others without vasculo-Behcet disease. All patients underwent corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapy. Two patients were successfully operated for aneurysms. All patients were alive after a mean of 7.8 years fo11owup, Arterial involvement is more frequently noted in vasculo-Behcet than venous thrombosis and it's associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate

Acometimento pulmonar na doença de Behçet: uma boa experiência com o uso de imunossupressores / Pulmonary involvement in Behcet's disease: a positive single-center experience with the use of immunosuppressive therapy

OBJETIVO: A doença de Behçet (DB) representa uma patologia sistêmica, cuja sobrevida se relaciona com a presença de acometimento pulmonar. Entretanto, sugere-se que pacientes com diferentes tratamentos podem apresentar diferentes prognósticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a evolução clínica e tomográfica, bem como a sobrevida deste pacientes com acometimento pulmonar relacionado à DB acompanhados em nosso serviço. MÉTODOS: Uma análise retrospectiva de nossa experiência com pacientes com acometimento pulmonar relaionado a DB acompanhados de 1 de Janeiro de 1988 a 30 de Abril de 2006. Os dados clínicos, radiológicos, terapêuticos e de sobrevida foram obtidos dos prontuários médicos. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 9 pacientes, com idade média de 34 ± 11,5 anos, sendo 7 deles do sexo masculino. Os achados radiológicos foram aneurisma de artéria pulmonar (AAP) em 8 pacientes, embolia pulmonar em 3 (resultando em uma incidencia de 5,11 casos/100 paciente-anos), hemorragia alveolar em 1 e hipertensão pulmonar em 1 de 9 doentes. O tratamento consistiu-se de prednisona mais clorambucil (ou ciclofosfamida ou micofenolato de mofetil) em todos os 9 pacientes, com resolução total ou parcial dos AAP. O paciente com AAP e hipertensão pulmonar também recebeu sildenafil e warfarina, com boa resposta clínica e tomográfica. A sobrevida de nossos pacientes foi de 88,8 por cento em 3 e 5 anos, com acompanhamento médio de 6,52 anos. CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes com acometimento pulmonar relacionado à DB podem apresentar boa sobrevida com tratamento imunossupressor, e a DB deve ser lembrada como uma possível causa de hipertensão pulmonar e hemorragia alveolar.

OBJECTIVE: Behcet's syndrome, or Behcet's disease (BD), is a multisystem pathology, and survival is related to pulmonary involvement. However, it appears that different treatments correlate with different prognoses. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and tomographic evolution, as well as the survival, of patients with BD-related pulmonary involvement. METHODS: A retrospective review of our experience with pulmonary manifestations in patients with BD treated at our institution between January 1, 1988 and April 30, 2006. The clinical, radiological, treatment and survival data were obtained from medical charts. RESULTS: We identified 9 patients with BD-related pulmonary involvement. The mean age was 34 ± 11.5 years, and 7 of the patients were male. The radiological findings were as follows: pulmonary artery aneurysm (PAA) in 8 patients; pulmonary embolism in 3 (translating to an incidence of 5.11 cases/100 patient-years); alveolar hemorrhage in one; and pulmonary hypertension in one. The treatment consisted of immunosuppression with prednisone plus chlorambucil (or cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mofetil) in all patients, with partial or complete resolution of the PAAs. One patient with a PAA and pulmonary hypertension also received sildenafil and warfarin, with good clinical and tomographic response (the first report in the English literature). In our sample, the mean duration of the follow-up period was 6.52 years. The three-year survival rate was 88.8 percent, as was the five-year survival rate. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with BD-related pulmonary involvement can present good survival with immunosuppressive therapy, and BD should be borne in mind as a possible cause of pulmonary hypertension and alveolar hemorrhage.

[Spontaneous intrahepatic porto-cava shunt associated with chronic pericarditis. A case report]

Introduction: Spontaneous intrahepatic portosystemic shunts are rare vascular anomalies that consist of a communiation between the portal system and the systemic venous circulation. We report a case of a porto-caval shunt associated with chronic pericarditis

Case report: A 47-year-old patient with post pericarditis cirrhosis and without encephalopathy and hypoglycaemia. The shunt was tubular in its initial segment and aneurismal just before joining the vena cava

Discussion: Spontaneous intrahepatic portosystemic shunt is a rare anomaly. Diagnosis can ve made by Doppler ultrasound and helical CT

Aneurisma verdadeiro bilateral de artéria tibial posterior / True bilateral aneurysm of the posterior tibial artery

Neste artigo, faz-se o relato de um caso de aneurisma verdadeiro bilateral da artéria tibial posterior em paciente de 57 anos. Os aneurismas surgiram em épocas diferentes. Os aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos e terapêuticos deste caso são discutidos. Este relato é importante, pois os autores não têm conhecimento de caso semelhante na literatura consultada.

Aneurisma de artéria hepática simulando lesão em cabeça de pâncreas: relato de caso / Hepatic artery aneurysm simulating a lesion in the head of the pancreas: a case report

O objetivo deste estudo é relatar um caso raro de aneurisma da artéria hepática simulando lesão em cabeça de pâncreas. É importante a análise precisa por tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética, pois desempenham papel importante no planejamento terapêutico e influenciam também o prognóstico.

The aim of this study is to report a rare case of hepatic artery aneurysm simulating a lesion in the head of the pancreas. A precise evaluation using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging is important in the treatment planning, which will influence the prognosis

Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with apical necrosis and aneurysm formation.

Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, characterized by giant T-waves and spade-shaped left ventricular cavity is prevalent in Oriental people, particularly the Japanese. We report an asymptomatic case of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy progressing to myocardial necrosis and aneurysm formation because of the chronic myocardial ischemia at the apex.